Tortoise
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Working to
conserve Florida's rich turtle diversity |
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Turtles ar e
ancient creatures that walked the earth with the dinosaurs
and today are
important and visible elements in many ecosystems. Many
species play key ecological roles, serving as both predators
and prey, contributing to the cycling of nutrients and acting as seed
dispersers.
Florida is
home to over 8% of the world's known turtle species and is a significant
area for both turtle diversity and habitat. Twenty-five of the 54
turtle species found in the United States also occur in Florida. They
are represented in upland communities,
such as scrub and sandhill, in rivers, lakes, swamps, and even coastal habitats, such as
salt marsh, mangrove communities and marine systems. Certainly, habitat
diversity and species richness makes Florida a chelonian hotspot.
Many
species that occur in Florida are now in decline and in need of
conservation attention. Conservation efforts on their behalf are also
beneficial to the ecosystems in which they are found. |
Florida River Otters
Male River Otter Release
This male river otter was found in a swimming
pool in Brooksville, Florida. The lack of rain forced this otter to use
whatever was as close to his natural habitat
to survive. Linda Christian rescued the otter and nursed him back to health and released him on the Weeki Wachee River.
Mij the River Otter
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for Mij the River Otter

Mij was found as an
orphan at Bayport in March 2009 at 4 weeks old, when he was abandoned by
his parents.
His daily diet includes
lots of fish and crayfish
Fox Squirrel
Florida's fox squirrel
population generally has not fared well. Although they still occur
statewide, several races have declined drastically. The race known as
Sherman's fox squirrel, which occurs in peninsular Florida to the north end
of Lake Okeechobee, currently is listed by the State of Florida as a species
of special concern. The race south of Lake Okeechobee, known as the Big
Cypress fox squirrel, is even rarer and is listed as threatened. Panhandle
populations of fox squirrels have not done as poorly as the others and are
not now listed.
Fox squirrels are much larger
than the gray. Adults may weigh more than 2 pounds and reach a total length
of 26 inches. Also distinctive is their color. Fox squirrels normally are
reddish tan to buffy gray with a black head and white ears and nose. Body
color can vary from black to gray-white but the color pattern on the head
almost always is the same.
Fox squirrels are
selective in their habitat needs. With few exceptions they are only found in
pine forests dominated by longleaf or south Florida slash pine. Those few
fox squirrels that remain following urban development usually occur in
uplands where some of these mature trees have been left. Fox squirrels
depend mostly on pine seeds for food in the summer and on acorns during the
remainder of the year.
More on the Fox Squirrel visit:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_squirrel
Raccoon
There is only one raccoon (Procyonidae)
species in Florida.
The Raccoon, Procyon lotor, is found in areas
with trees, including urban areas, statewide. It is gray, brown, and black
with a pale brown underside. Its face is lighter with a black mask. Its
hind legs are longer than its forelegs. It is 30-35" long with a 9-12"
banded tail and weighs 10-15 pounds.
It is omnivorous and opportunistic. Its diet includes fruits, nuts, seeds,
vegetables, roots, amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds, and insects. It also
forages in garbage and has displayed an uncanny ability to open coolers
and other camping equipment. Food plants include sea grapes, beautyberry,
grapes, pawpaws, oaks, mulberries, cabbage palm, saw palmetto,
persimmons, and cactus.
The raccoon typically sleeps in trees during the day, becoming active in
the late afternoon. It has several den sites within its home range (1 mile
in diameter for males, .75 for females).
Breeding usually occurs during December or January. The male wanders off
in search of another mate. A litter of 3-4 kits is born about 60 days
later. The female is very protective of her offspring.
Predators include man, dogs, bobcats, panthers, and great horned owls.
Raccoons are primary carriers of rabies in Florida and may also carry
distemper and tuberculosis.
Gray Squirrel
It’s difficult NOT to see a gray
squirrel in Florida. They are one of the most common and easy to see
mammals. These bold, intelligent, tree-climbing creatures with a long,
plume-like tail are everywhere, especially in gardens, zoos and parks.
They are mainly seed-eaters, but will al so
eat fungi, berries and fruit. They forage in the trees and on the
ground.
Gray squirrels are prolific breeders.
In Florida they usually have at least two litters of up to six young per
year, one between January and March, the second during June/July.
More on the Grey Squirrel visit:
http://www.nsis.org/wildlife/mamm/squirrel.html
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
The beach in Florida is home to all kinds
of creatures, and where 300 pound sea turtles my lay 100-200 ping-pong
ball size eggs each. After hatching the tw o
inch long hatchlings will make a journey from their underground nests in
the sand to the Gulf of Mexico. This happens yearly on all Florida Beaches
from May 1st to October 31st. At Pine Island Beach the eggs or hatchlings are brought to 100
Acre Wood Wildlife to be raised until
they are large enough to make the journey less perilous due to
predators.
Loggerhead turtles are the most
abundant of all the marine turtle species in U.S. waters. But persistent
population declines due to pollution, shrimp trawling, and development in
their nesting areas, among other factors, have kept this wide-ranging
seagoer on the threatened species list since 1978.
Their enormous range encompasses all but the most frigid waters of the
world's oceans. They seem to prefer coastal habitats, but often frequent
inland water bodies and will
travel hundreds of miles out to sea.
The largest of all hard-shelled turtles—leatherbacks are bigger but have
soft shells—loggerheads have massive heads, strong jaws, and a
reddish-brown shell, or carapace. Adult males reach about three feet
(nearly one meter) in she ll
length and weigh about 250 pounds (113 kilograms), but large specimens of
more than 1,000 pounds (454 kilograms) have been found.
They are primarily carnivores, munching jellyfish, conchs, crabs, and even
fish, but will eat seaweed and sargassum occasionally.
Mature females will often return, sometimes over thousands of miles, to
the beach where they hatched to lay their eggs. Worldwide population
numbers are unknown, but scientists studying nesting populations are
seeing marked decreases despite endangered species protections.
More on the Loggerhead Sea Turtle
visit:
http://www.turtles.org/loggerd.htm
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Florida White Tailed Deer
Click here for Florida White Tailed
Deer
Habitat
The availability
of suitable food, cover, water, and space defines the quality of habitat,
which influences the population size or carrying capacity of the herd. Soil
richness, which affects food quality, also plays a role. The sandy soils
found in most of Florida are nutrient-poor and do not provide high-quality
forage throughout the year. Consequently, these lands support relatively low
populations of deer. An exception is areas modified by agricultural
practices, which tend to provide deer with a nutritious supply of forage.

The availability
of fresh water is also important and appears to be a limiting factor
influencing the distribution of deer.
The lack of
permanent sources of fresh water may restrict carrying capacity to low
numbers in other areas. Similarly, rapid changes in the availability of
suitable habitat can quickly reduce deer populations. Hundreds of thousands
of acres of deer habitat can shrink to almost nothing during flood events.
This reduces the carrying capacity and concentrates deer on high ground
where many animals eventually die of starvation.
Deer usually
reach highest densities where the woody cover is at least as much as the
open grassland. They thrive in agricultural areas interspersed with woodlots
and riparian habitats. They favor early successional stages that keep brush
and sapling foods within reach.
The average
annual home range size for adult females is about 250ha , and 650ha for
yearling and adult males. Does' largest monthly home range size in north
Florida occurs in October during the peak of the rut. Bucks in the same area
begin to move over larger areas in July and maintain
their expanded home ranges through October.
Yearling males
may travel up to (6mi) from their natal areas to establish new
ranges. After this dispersal period, most deer show a strong lifetime
fidelity to their home ranges.
Age
Life expectancy of deer is influenced
by hunting pressure and other mortality factors. Although 20-year-old
whitetails have been documented, deer surviving beyond six years typically
represent a small proportion of the herd and may be very rare in heavily
hunted populations.
Coloration
The coloration of white-tailed deer
aids in their camouflage, thermoregulation, and even communication.
Coloration and appearance of the pelage (coat) changes with seasonal molts,
with summer coats being thinner and lighter to help deer stay cool. Colored in various shades of brown ranging from tawny to
cinnamon to almost-black.
The inside of the ears, throat, belly,
rump, and underside of tail are white. When white-tailed deer sense danger,
the tail is held upright ex posing
the white underside and rump. This conspicuous reaction known as "flagging"
quietly alerts other deer nearby. The white
flag of the does' tail also serves as a beacon that guides her fawns as they
try to
follow in dimly lit forests. During their first 3-4 months, fawns sport spotted
coats that provide excellent
camouflage. This spotted pelage
disappears to be replaced by the adult brown coat at about the same time the
fawn is weaned.
Food
Their diet consists of leaves and
tender tips of many woody shrubs and vines, succulent green plants, grasses,
acorns, mushrooms, aquatic plants and many other types and parts of plants
within about 4.5 ft above ground. Due to their selective feeding habits,
deer can change the relative abundance of plant species in an area. As their
favorite foods become less available, their diets gradually shift to less
nutritious and less preferred foods which can have an adverse affect on
reproductive success.
More on the Florida White Tail Deer
visit:
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW121
Turtle?

Tortoise?

Terrapin?

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-terrapin.htm
http://www.totallytortoise.com/tortoise-turtle-terrapin.html
What is the difference?
Turtles are aquatic animals and
tortoises are terrestrial. Box, snapping and alligator turtles live in
freshwater habitats,
5 species of turtle prefer Florida's'
saltwater environments:
Loggerheads, are most
prevalentGreen
LeatherbackHawksbill
Kemps Ridley

Linda holding a bandaged injured gopher tortoise
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