100 Acre Wood Wildlife Patients

Tortoise
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Working to conserve Florida's rich turtle diversity

 

 

Turtles are ancient creatures that walked the earth with the dinosaurs and today are important and visible elements in many ecosystems.  Many species play key ecological roles, serving as both predators and prey, contributing to the cycling of nutrients and acting as seed dispersers.

Florida is home to over 8% of the world's known turtle species and is a significant area for both turtle diversity and habitat.  Twenty-five of the 54 turtle species found in the United States also occur in Florida.  They are represented in upland communities, such as scrub and sandhill, in rivers, lakes, swamps, and even coastal habitats, such as salt marsh, mangrove communities and marine systems.  Certainly, habitat diversity and species richness makes Florida a chelonian hotspot.

Many species that occur in Florida are now in decline and in need of conservation attention.  Conservation efforts on their behalf are also beneficial to the ecosystems in which they are found.

Florida River Otters
Male River Otter Release
This male river otter was found in a swimming pool in Brooksville, Florida. The lack of rain forced this otter to use whatever was as close to his natural habitat to survive. Linda Christian rescued the otter and nursed him back to health and released him on the Weeki Wachee River.

Mij the River Otter

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Mij was found as an orphan at Bayport in March 2009 at 4 weeks old, when he was abandoned by his parents.

His daily diet includes lots of fish and crayfish

Fox Squirrel

Florida's fox squirrel population generally has not fared well. Although they still occur statewide, several races have declined drastically. The race known as Sherman's fox squirrel, which occurs in peninsular Florida to the north end of Lake Okeechobee, currently is listed by the State of Florida as a species of special concern. The race south of Lake Okeechobee, known as the Big Cypress fox squirrel, is even rarer and is listed as threatened. Panhandle populations of fox squirrels have not done as poorly as the others and are not now listed.
Fox squirrels are much larger than the gray. Adults may weigh more than 2 pounds and reach a total length of 26 inches. Also distinctive is their color. Fox squirrels normally are reddish tan to buffy gray with a black head and white ears and nose. Body color can vary from black to gray-white but the color pattern on the head almost always is the same.

Fox squirrels are selective in their habitat needs. With few exceptions they are only found in pine forests dominated by longleaf or south Florida slash pine. Those few fox squirrels that remain following urban development usually occur in uplands where some of these mature trees have been left. Fox squirrels depend mostly on pine seeds for food in the summer and on acorns during the remainder of the year.

More on the Fox Squirrel visit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_squirrel

Raccoon

There is only one raccoon (Procyonidae) species in Florida.
 
The Raccoon, Procyon lotor, is found in areas with trees, including urban areas, statewide. It is gray, brown, and black with a pale brown underside. Its face is lighter with a black mask. Its hind legs are longer than its forelegs. It is 30-35" long with a 9-12" banded tail and weighs 10-15 pounds.
 
It is omnivorous and opportunistic. Its diet includes fruits, nuts, seeds, vegetables, roots, amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds, and insects. It also forages in garbage and has displayed an uncanny ability to open coolers and other camping equipment. Food plants include sea grapes, beautyberry, grapes, pawpaws,  oaks, mulberries, cabbage palm, saw palmetto, persimmons, and cactus.
 
The raccoon typically sleeps in trees during the day, becoming active in the late afternoon. It has several den sites within its home range (1 mile in diameter for males, .75 for females).
 
Breeding usually occurs during December or January. The male wanders off in search of another mate. A litter of 3-4 kits is born about 60 days later. The female is very protective of her offspring.
 
Predators include man, dogs, bobcats, panthers, and great horned owls.
 
Raccoons are primary carriers of rabies in Florida and may also carry distemper and tuberculosis.
Gray Squirrel

It’s difficult NOT to see a gray squirrel in Florida. They are one of the most common and easy to see mammals. These bold, intelligent, tree-climbing creatures with a long, plume-like tail are everywhere, especially in gardens, zoos and parks. They are mainly seed-eaters, but will also eat fungi, berries and fruit. They forage in the trees and on the ground.

Gray squirrels are prolific breeders. In Florida they usually have at least two litters of up to six young per year, one between January and March, the second during June/July.

More on the Grey Squirrel visit:

http://www.nsis.org/wildlife/mamm/squirrel.html

Loggerhead Sea Turtle


The beach in Florida is home to all kinds of creatures, and where 300 pound sea turtles my lay 100-200 ping-pong ball size eggs each. After hatching the two inch long hatchlings will make a journey from their underground nests in the sand to the Gulf of Mexico. This happens yearly on all Florida Beaches from May 1st to October 31st. At Pine Island Beach the eggs or hatchlings are brought to 100 Acre Wood Wildlife to be raised until they are large enough to  make the journey less perilous due to predators.

Loggerhead turtles are the most abundant of all the marine turtle species in U.S. waters. But persistent population declines due to pollution, shrimp trawling, and development in their nesting areas, among other factors, have kept this wide-ranging seagoer on the threatened species list since 1978.

Their enormous range encompasses all but the most frigid waters of the world's oceans. They seem to prefer coastal habitats, but often frequent inland water bodies and will travel hundreds of miles out to sea.

The largest of all hard-shelled turtles—leatherbacks are bigger but have soft shells—loggerheads have massive heads, strong jaws, and a reddish-brown shell, or carapace. Adult males reach about three feet (nearly one meter) in she
ll length and weigh about 250 pounds (113 kilograms), but large specimens of more than 1,000 pounds (454 kilograms) have been found.

They are primarily carnivores, munching jellyfish, conchs, crabs, and even fish, but will eat seaweed and sargassum occasionally.

Mature females will often return, sometimes over thousands of miles, to the beach where they hatched to lay their eggs. Worldwide population numbers are unknown, but scientists studying nesting populations are seeing marked decreases despite endangered species protections.

More on the Loggerhead Sea Turtle visit:

http://www.turtles.org/loggerd.htm

Florida White Tailed Deer

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Habitat

The availability of suitable food, cover, water, and space defines the quality of habitat, which influences the population size or carrying capacity of the herd. Soil richness, which affects food quality, also plays a role. The sandy soils found in most of Florida are nutrient-poor and do not provide high-quality forage throughout the year. Consequently, these lands support relatively low populations of deer. An exception is areas modified by agricultural practices, which tend to provide deer with a nutritious supply of forage.

The availability of fresh water is also important and appears to be a limiting factor influencing the distribution of deer.

The lack of permanent sources of fresh water may restrict carrying capacity to low numbers in other areas. Similarly, rapid changes in the availability of suitable habitat can quickly reduce deer populations.  Hundreds of thousands of acres of deer habitat can shrink to almost nothing during flood events. This reduces the carrying capacity and concentrates deer on high ground where many animals eventually die of starvation.

Deer usually reach highest densities where the woody cover is at least as much as the open grassland. They thrive in agricultural areas interspersed with woodlots and riparian habitats. They favor early successional stages that keep brush and sapling foods within reach.

The average annual home range size for adult females is about 250ha , and 650ha for yearling and adult males. Does' largest monthly home range size in north Florida occurs in October during the peak of the rut. Bucks in the same area begin to move over larger areas in July and maintain their expanded home ranges through October.

Yearling males may travel up to (6mi) from their natal areas to establish new ranges. After this dispersal period, most deer show a strong lifetime fidelity to their home ranges.

Age

Life expectancy of deer is influenced by hunting pressure and other mortality factors. Although 20-year-old whitetails have been documented, deer surviving beyond six years typically represent a small proportion of the herd and may be very rare in heavily hunted populations.

Coloration

The coloration of white-tailed deer aids in their camouflage, thermoregulation, and even communication. Coloration and appearance of the pelage (coat) changes with seasonal molts, with summer coats being thinner and lighter to help deer stay cool. Colored in various shades of brown ranging from tawny to cinnamon to almost-black.

The inside of the ears, throat, belly, rump, and underside of tail are white. When white-tailed deer sense danger, the tail is held upright exposing the white underside and rump. This conspicuous reaction known as "flagging" quietly alerts other deer nearby. The white flag of the does' tail also serves as a beacon that guides her fawns as they try to follow in dimly lit forests. During their first 3-4 months, fawns sport spotted coats that provide excellent camouflage. This spotted pelage disappears to be replaced by the adult brown coat at about the same time the fawn is weaned.

Food

Their diet consists of leaves and tender tips of many woody shrubs and vines, succulent green plants, grasses, acorns, mushrooms, aquatic plants and many other types and parts of plants within about 4.5 ft above ground. Due to their selective feeding habits, deer can change the relative abundance of plant species in an area. As their favorite foods become less available, their diets gradually shift to less nutritious and less preferred foods which can have an adverse affect on reproductive success.

More on the Florida White Tail Deer visit: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW121

 

Turtle?

Tortoise?

Terrapin?

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-terrapin.htm

http://www.totallytortoise.com/tortoise-turtle-terrapin.html

What is the difference?

Turtles are aquatic animals and tortoises are terrestrial. Box, snapping and alligator turtles live in freshwater habitats,

5 species of turtle prefer Florida's' saltwater environments:

Loggerheads,  are most prevalent

Green

Leatherback

Hawksbill

Kemps Ridley

Tortoise
Linda holding a bandaged injured gopher tortoise

Copyright© 2009 Ruby Turner Web Designer
Last updated Sunday January 22, 2012 04:53 AM -0500

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